The Palestinian economy under occupation: Econocide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15355/epsj.3.2.16Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the nature, structure, and dynamics of the relation between the Israeli and Palestinian economies as they have evolved during the occupation period and the few short years of limited Palestinian self-rule. It reveals the various asymmetries and anomalies in the relation, the way they have affected the course of the Palestinian economy, the costs that have been incurred by Palestinians, and the benefits that have accrued to Israelis from their continuation. It is argued that the removal of these anomalies and asymmetries are a prerequisite for any serious and genuine peace that would permit the economic infrastructure to promote and support a stable and durable peace. Divided into four sections, the article provides the theoretical framework within which the relationship between the two economies is analyzed; documents and examines specific practices and policies of successive Israeli governments with regard to the Palestinian economy; summarizes the cumulative effects of these specific restrictive practices; and closes with the presentation of some conclusions.References
Arnon, A., et al. 1997. The Palestinian Economy: Between Imposed Integration and Voluntary Separation. New York: Brill.
Awartani, H. 1994. Palestinian - Jordanian Agricultural Relations. Nablus: Center for Palestinian Research and Studies.
Bhagwati, J. and V. Dehejia. 1994. “Free Trade and The Wages of the Unskilled: Is Marx Striking Again?” in J. Bhagwati and V. Dehejia, eds. Trade and Wages. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.
Diwan, I. and R. Shaban, eds. 1999. Development Under Adversity: The Palestinian Economy in Transition. New York: Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS) and the World Bank.
Farsakh, L. 1998. Palestinian Employment in Israel 1967-1997: A Review. Ramallah: Palestine Economic Research Institute (MAS).
Fischer, S., et al. 1994. Securing Peace in the Middle East. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
German-Arab Chamber of Commerce. 1995. Trade for Peace in the New Middle East. Cairo: Commission for the European Communities.
Gorden, W.M. and A.P. Neary. 1982. “Booming Sector and De-industrialization in a Small Open Economy,” Economic Journal, Vol. 92 (December), pp. 825-848.
Hamed, O. and R. Shaban. 1993. “One Sided Custom and Monetary Union: The case of the West Bank and Gaza Strip Under Israeli Occupation,” pp. 117-148 in S. Fischer, D. Rodrick, and E. Tuma, eds. The Economics of Middle East Peace. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Krugman, P. 1998. Development, Geography, and Economic Theory. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Krugman, P. and M. Obstfeld. 1994. International Economics: Theory and Policy. New York: Harper Collins.
Lonergan, S. and D. Brooks. 1994. Watershed: The Role of Fresh Water in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Ottawa: International Development Center.
Luski, I. and J. Weinblat. 1994. “The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Macroeconomic Profile and Simulation Model.” Tel Aviv: The Philip Monaster Center for Economic Research.
Makhool, B. 1996. Competitiveness of Palestinian Industry vs. Jordanian Industry. Ramallah: Palestinian Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS).
Mansour, A. and B. Destreman. 1997. Palestine and Israel: Subcontracting in the Garment Industry. Ramallah: Palestine Economic Research Institute (MAS).
Murphy, R., A. Schleifer, and R. Vishny. 1989. “Industrialization and the Big Push.” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 97, pp. 1003-1026.
Myrdal, G. 1932. The Political Element in Economic Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Naqib, F.M. 1996. A Preliminary Evaluation of the Tax System in the West Bank and Gaza. Ramallah: Palestinian Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS).
Owen, R. and S. Pamuk. 1999. A History of the Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Norman, V. and A.B. Venables. 1993. “International Trade and Factor Mobility and Trade Costs.” CPER Discussion Paper #766.
Roy, S. 1996. “US Economic Aid to the West Bank and Gaza Strip.” Middle East Policy (October).
Roy, S. 1998. “The Palestinian Economy after Oslo.” Current History, Vol. 97, No. 615, pp. 19-25.
Thirlwall, A.P. 1998. “'Introduction,” in G. Rampa, L. Stella, and A.P. Thirlwall, eds. Economic Dynamics: Trade and Growth: Essays on Harrodian Themes. London: Macmillan.
UNCTAD. 1993. Development in the Economy of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. UNCTAD, TD/B/40(1).
UNCTAD. 1996. Prospects for Sustained Development of the Palestinian Economy: Strategies and Policies for Reconstruction and Development. UNCTAD/ECDC/SEU/12,21 (August).
UNCTAD. 1998. The Palestinian Economy and Prospects for Regional Cooperation. UNCTAD/GDS/SEU/2,30 (June).
UNCTAD. 1989. Palestinian External Trade under Israeli Occupation. UNCTAD/RDP/SEU/1,1989.
UNIDO. 1984. Survey of the Manufacturing Industry in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Vienna: UNIDO.
World Bank. 1993. Developing the Occupied Territories - An Investment in Peace. Vols. I-VI. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.