Improving military expenditure decisionmaking in sub-Saharan Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15355/epsj.5.2.38Abstract
This article begins by emphasizing that the number and intensity of armed conflict has fallen substantially but that military expenditure levels in sub-Saharan Africa have nonetheless increased, largely as a result of South African expenditure. The article attempts to answer two questions. First, how can the budget of the security sector be allocated so as to result in effective and efficient security outcomes? Second, how can an appropriate level of military expenditure for a country be determined? It finds that there is a strong case for the military to be treated like any other government activity in terms of justifying its expenditure and being transparent in budgetary terms.References
Collier, P. and A. Hoeffler. 2002. “Military Expenditure, Threats, Aid and Arms Races.” Policy Research Working Paper 2927. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Elworthy, S. 1998. “Balancing the Need for Security with the Need for Accountability.” RUSI Journal. February, pp. 5-8.
Galbraith, J.K. 1996. “The Autonomous View of Military Power: An Economic View.” Disarmament. Vol. XIX, No. 3, pp. 38-45.
[DCAF] Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. 2002. “Model Law on the Parliamentary Oversight of the State Military Organization.” DCAF Document No. 1. Geneva: DCAF.
Harbom, L. and P. Wallenstein. 2010. “Patterns of Major Armed Conflicts, 2000-2009.” Appendix 2A. SIPRI Yearbook 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harris, G. ed. 2004. Achieving Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cost-Effective Alternatives to the Military. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
Harris. G. 2004a. “Central American Demilitarization: A Model for Small Countries?” pp. 185-197 in G. Harris, ed. Achieving Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cost-Effective Alternatives to the Military. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
Harris, G. 2005. “Towards more Rational Military Budget Formation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Relevance of Security Sector Reform.” Strategic Review for Southern Africa. Vol.XXVII, No. 1, pp. 66-88.
Harris, G. 2009. “What Drives Military Expenditure? A South African Case Study.” Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 197-209.
Hendrickson, D. and N. Ball. 2002. “Off-Budget Military Expenditure and Revenue: Issues and Policy Perspectives for Donors.” Conflict, Security and Development Group, King’s College, London. Occasional Papers No. 1.
Human Security Center. 2005. Human Security Report 2005. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Human Security Center. 2006. Human Security Brief 2006. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Human Security Report Project. 2007. Human Security Brief 2007. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
[IPU] and [DCAF] Inter-Parliamentary Union and Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. 2003. “Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector: Principles, Mechanisms and Practices.” Handbook for Parliamentarians No. 5. IPU/DCAF: Geneva.
Lindgren, K., B. Heldt, K.-A. Nordquist, and P. Wallensteen. 1991. “Major Armed Conflicts in 1990,” pp. 345-380 in SIPRI Yearbook 1991. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mwanza, M. And G. Harris. 2009. “The Case for Ministries of Peace in Africa.” School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Discussion Paper No. 87.
Omitoogun, W. 2006. “A Synthesis of Country Studies,” pp. 226-264 in W. Omitoogun, W. and E. Hutchful, eds. Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa: The Processes and Mechanisms of Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Omitoogun, W. and E. Hutchful, eds. 2006. Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa: The Processes and Mechanisms of Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[SIPRI] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2009. SIPRI Yearbook 2009. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Suter, K. 2004. “National Ministries of Peacebuilding,” pp. 173-184 in G. Harris ed. Achieving Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cost-Effective Alternatives to the Military. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
UNAIDS. 2006. 2006 AIDS Epidemic Update. UNAIDS: Geneva.
[UNDP] United Nations Development Program. 2007. Human Development Report 2007/2008. New York: Oxford University Press.
